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Saturday, February 10, 2007

ECE124 Data Communications - Research Work No. 1 - Advancement of Data Communications in the 21st Century

ECE 124

Research Work No. 1

Advancement of Data Communications in the 21st Century

Enhancements in Internet Protocol (IP) Communications with Video Advancement and Rich Media technologies

Used in conjunction with Cisco's industry-leading IP Telephony office phones, the Cisco Video Telephony (VT) Advantage delivers affordable, high-quality, and simple to use person-to-person video images seamlessly integrated with phone conversations. In addition to VT Advantage, Cisco is also rolling out an assortment of new rich-media collaboration, security and interoperability features to further boost its IP Communications family of products. (2004)

Bluetooth 2.0+EDR Access Server

Bluegiga has upgraded its successful WRAP Access Server product family to support Bluetooth 2.0+EDR. Enhanced Data Rate introduces up to three times faster data rate compared to existing Bluetooth 1.2 solutions. The new WRAP Access Server will be equipped with Bluegiga’s WT11 class 1 modules, so also the range and general performance will be improved. The size of the flash memory has doubled, so the server features now 32MB of flash memory. Also the operating system has been updated to version 3.1 featuring now for example Linux kernel 2.6. This offers a new level of performance and security to the users of WRAP Access Server.

Bluegiga offers three different variants of the Access Server: 2293 offering three Bluetooth radios and up to 21 simultaneous connections; 2291 supporting 7 connections via one Bluetooth radio. The 2291 is also available with external antenna connector. All these versions can be ordered with higher encryption option. The product is also 100% RoHS compatible. Bluegiga is now offering a new battery pack option for +12 hours operation time as a WRAP Access Server accessory. (2006)

Wireless Local Energy Metering (Wi-LEM)

LEM launches the Wi-LEM (wireless local energy meter) family of components, an innovative solution that allows electricity consumption to be monitored and reduced. By using wireless communication, Wi-LEM greatly reduces the time, cost and disruption involved in deploying a submetering installation, increasing both the potential financial savings and removing many of the barriers to adopt this proven approach to reduce energy consumption.

There are three parts to the Wi-LEM family. Energy meter nodes are assemblies of up to three current transducers with a signal processing module.They can be deployed to measure energy consumption at any point in the power cabinet and transmit the data. Mesh nodes are repeaters linking various nodes. They enable wireless communications throughout a large installation. The mesh gate is a gateway managing the mesh network. It provides data through serial interface to a PC.

By measuring active, reactive and apparent energy plus maximum current and minimum voltage, energy meter nodes provide much more information than a simple submeter. A variety of energy meter nodes - all of which have their accuracy certified to IEC62053 Active Energy Class 1 and Reactive Energy Class 3 - are available for 120 and 240V AC voltage and configured for nominal currents from 5 to 100A. The compact sized, split-core transducers can easily be installed inside the limited free space of existing cabinets. Energy meter nodes take measurements at 5 to 30min intervals and transmit the results over the 2.4GHz ISM band.

The technologies make installation and commissioning very easy. Mesh nodes act as repeaters, and can be added to the network without any need for additional configuration or programming. The mesh gate is a stand-alone wireless network management gateway that connects the transducer network with a PC using a serial interfaces RS232 or RS485 with a Modbus RTU protocol. Each mesh gate allows monitoring of up to 240 energy meter nodes. The 802.15.4 communication standard has a proven robustness in industrial and commercial environments. Mesh gate and mesh nodes were developed in close co-operation by Millennial Net, leader in wireless sensor mesh network technology. (2006)

Long-range Wireless for Handhelds

With its new Jett-Wave Radio option, Two Technologies now offers its most popular brands of handheld computers with the longest range wireless data communications solution in the industry. By taking advantage of the Jett-Pack peripheral connection system, the Jett-Wave Radio can be easily added to many of Two Technologies' handheld computers, including the Jett-XL and Jett-eye. With this module, Two Technologies' handheld computers can wirelessly communicate with equipment and other handheld computers at longer ranges - up to several kilometres in line-of-sight applications and up to 900m in typical indoor/urban environments.

Incorporating a 900MHz spread spectrum radio supplied by MaxStream, the JETT-Wave Radio supports various communication configurations, including point-to-point, point-to-multipoint, and multidrop networking topologies. With this module, Two Technologies' handheld computers can selectively communicate different sets of data to specific points with minimal configuration. And because the JETT?Wave Radio supports 65,000 network addresses on 10 hop sequences, multiple handheld computers can be configured to operate on different channels or to communicate with each other wirelessly within the security of a single network. (2006)

WiMAX Broadband Wireless Technology Access

WiMAX (World Interoperability for Microwave Access), based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, is expected to enable true broadband speeds over wireless networks at a cost point to enable mass market adoption. WiMAX is the only wireless standard today that has the ability to deliver true broadband speeds and help make the vision of pervasive connectivity a reality.

There are two main applications of WiMAX today: fixed WiMAX applications are point-to-multipoint enabling broadband access to homes and businesses, whereas mobile WiMAX offers the full mobility of cellular networks at true broadband speeds. Both fixed and mobile applications of WiMAX are engineered to help deliver ubiquitous, high-throughput broadband wireless services at a low cost.

Experience your mobile entertainment centerMobile WiMAX is based on OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) technology which has inherent advantages in throughput, latency, spectral efficiency, and advanced antennae support; ultimately enabling it to provide higher performance than today's wide area wireless technologies. Furthermore, many next generation 4G wireless technologies may evolve towards OFDMA and all IP-based networks as an ideal for delivering cost-effective wireless data services.

Intel is poised to deliver the key components needed for successful WiMAX networks. It delivered the fixed WiMAX solution, Intel® PRO/Wireless 5116 wireless modem, and is now shipping a fixed/mobile dual-mode solution, Intel® WiMAX Connection 2250. This highly cost-effective solution was designed to support both standards with an easy upgrade path from fixed to mobile and is expected to further accelerate the deployment of WiMAX networks. (2005)

Third Generation (3G) Technology

3G technology is used in the context of mobile phone standards. The services associated with 3G provide the ability to transfer simultaneously both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging email, and instant messaging). In marketing 3G services, video telephony has often been used as the killer application for 3G.

The first country which introduced 3G on a large commercial scale was Japan. In 2005, about 40% of subscribers used 3G networks only, with 2G being on the way out in Japan. It was expected that during 2006 the transition from 2G to 3G would be largely completed in Japan, and upgrades to the next 3.5G stage with 3 Mbit/s data rates were underway.

The most significant features offered by third generation (3G) mobile technologies are the momentous capacity and broadband capabilities to support greater numbers of voice and data customers - especially in urban centres - plus higher data rates at lower incremental cost than 2G.

By using the radio spectrum in bands identified, which is provided by the ITU for Third Generation IMT-2000 mobile services, it subsequently licensed to operators. 3G uses 5 MHz channel carrier width to deliver significantly higher data rates and increased capacity compared with 2G networks.

The 5 MHz channel carrier provides optimum use of radio resources for operators who have been granted large, contiguous blocks of spectrum. On the other hand, it also helps to reduce the cost to 3G networks while being capable of providing extremely high-speed data transmission to users.

It also allows the transmission of 384kbps for mobile systems and 2Mbps for stationary systems. 3G users are expected to have greater capacity and improved spectrum efficiency, which will allow them to access global roaming between different 3G. (2005)

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